Back特朗普政府将CNN排除在空军一号随行记者团之外
特朗普政府将CNN排除在空军一号随行记者团之外
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德国之声1 hour agoPolitics7 min readChinaView translation

特朗普政府将CNN排除在空军一号随行记者团之外

尽管联邦法院此前裁定恢复媒体进入白宫园区的权限,白宫仍限制CNN参与总统随行报道

Quick Look

白宫周五宣布,在特朗普总统周六前往田纳西州的行程中,CNN将被排除在空军一号随行记者团之外,其席位由保守派媒体“真实美国之声”取代。此举发生在该政府与媒体因宪法第一修正案引发的持续法律争端背景下。

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Why It Matters

特朗普政府此前禁止CNN、MS NOW和政治新闻网进入白宫,联邦法官凯利随后裁定该禁令涉嫌违宪并要求恢复准入。该案件的核心争议在于宪法第一修正案对新闻自由的保护。

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(德国之声中文网)白宫周五(9月25日)晚间通过总统行程安排表示,在特朗普总统周六的行程中,CNN将被排除在空军一号随行记者团之外。

这是美国本届政府在一场涉及宪法第一修正案的持续争端中,对媒体采取的最新一项限制措施。

据白宫发布的行程安排,总统此行前往田纳西州诺克斯维尔,CNN的位置由保守派媒体“真实美国之声”(Real America's Voice)取代。特朗普定于周六中午观看田纳西大学与得克萨斯大学之间的一场大学橄榄球比赛。

这一消息传出之前,CNN和与它一起遭遇过禁令的MS NOW和“政治新闻网”(Politico)的记者,正扛着摄像机重返白宫办公区。

上周,特朗普以报道不实或负面为由,禁止这三家媒体进入白宫园区。

随后,白宫新闻联合采访团的另外几家电视媒体均表示将暂停参与报道,包括ABC、CBS、NBC和一度与特朗普关系密切的福克斯新闻(Fox News)。

这三家遭禁媒体起诉特朗普及其政府的其他成员,称该禁令侵犯了美国宪法第一修正案对言论自由和新闻自由的保护,以及它们的正当程序权利。此后,一个由新闻自由组织和数十家新闻机构组成的联盟提交了支持该诉讼的法律意见书。

美国联邦地区法院法官蒂莫西·凯利(Timothy Kelly)在周四凌晨的一项裁决中暂时推翻了特朗普的这项禁令,初步认定该禁令涉嫌违宪,并下令立即恢复准入,这三家媒体的权限于周四恢复。

但他的裁定针对的是进入白宫园区的“硬通行证”,并未直接涉及联合采访团的职责。这项临时命令对空军一号也只字未提。

周五,常规报道得以恢复,CNN以联合采访团成员的身份报道了特朗普与习近平参观美国国家档案馆的活动。

尽管临时裁决已恢复这些记者的准入,法院尚未就这项禁令的核心争议——基于保护言论自由和新闻自由的美国宪法第一修正案——作出裁断。

这些媒体须在9月28日前向法官提出申请,要求在案件推进期间维持其准入。

即便这些媒体赢得针对该禁令的永久禁令,特朗普仍可在联邦法院继续诉讼。

周四,特朗普在椭圆形办公室迎接习近平时,曾对摄影记者开玩笑说,中国拥有最友好的记者团——而中国对其媒体实施严格审查。

据无国界记者组织统计,中国至少关押着111名记者和媒体工作者,是“世界上最大的记者监狱”,在180个国家和地区的新闻自由排名中位列第178,仅高于朝鲜和厄立特里亚。

尽管白宫周四向法院表示已恢复CNN、MS NOW和政治新闻网的准入,但据《华盛顿邮报》报道,CNN和MS NOW随后称,其部分记者被拒绝采访习近平抵达出席白宫国宴的场面。

正寻求与CNN母公司华纳兄弟探索公司合并的派拉蒙天舟公司(Paramount Skydance)首席执行官戴维·埃里森(David Ellison),出席了周四晚间的特习会国宴。

批评者对派拉蒙旗下的CBS新闻可能调整报道口径以迎合特朗普表示担忧,不过埃里森承诺,作为该交易的一部分,将为CBS和CNN设立编辑独立委员会。

周五联合采访团恢复报道特习会时,特朗普拒绝回答记者关于中国和伊朗、他的媒体禁令,以及一则由纳税人出资、宣传其总统任期的争议性新电视广告的提问。

周五,这些媒体机构的代理律师小西奥多·布特鲁斯(Theodore Boutrous Jr.)在CNN节目采访中表示,原告方认为法院裁决同样涵盖联合采访团的准入问题。

白宫未立即回应美联社就该决定索取更多细节的请求。

一位熟悉白宫联合采访团情况的人士说,就目前而言,一切正常运转。由于局势多变,此人要求匿名。

该联合采访团由五家美国主要广播机构组成,轮流拍摄并共享视频。

此次空中一号行程中原本留给CNN的席位,长期以来都是属于白宫联合采访团成员,而“真实美国之声”并非该团成员。

长期以来,特朗普一方面频频把新闻机构描绘成政治对手,另一方面又依靠媒体塑造自身公众形象、推进其议程。

自去年重返白宫以来,特朗普对媒体发动了一场前所未有的打击:对记者进行人身攻击,拒绝部分媒体采访,起诉新闻机构,并呼吁联邦通信委员会吊销某些广播电台的执照。

去年年初,特朗普政府将美联社记者逐出白宫活动,理由是该机构没有遵守他那道把墨西哥湾更名为“美国湾”的行政命令。此案在联邦地区法院法官作出有利于美联社的裁决后,目前正在上诉过程之中。

白宫联合采访团是数十年前由白宫记者协会设立的,以确保始终有一批轮值记者随总统出行。该采访团向更广泛的新闻界提供现场报道和影像,其设计初衷是代表美国公众对国家最高行政长官进行问责。

白宫记者协会现任主席、福克斯新闻主持人杰奎·海因里希(Jacqui Heinrich)在《福克斯周日新闻》节目中采访了她的嘉宾、CBS的记者姜伟嘉(Weijia Jiang,音译)。姜伟嘉是前任白宫记者协会主席。她说,美国不能有国家电视台。她表示,正是这一点使美国成其为美国。正因如此,美国需要独立的报道。这套采访团机制之所以存在这么久并且行之有效,就是因为必须有独立的行为主体来充当观察者。

白宫记者除电视采访团外,还有文字、广播和摄影采访团。这套机制之所以存在,部分原因在于总统出行和发表讲话的场所,往往无法容纳更大范围的记者群体。

特朗普的白宫也自行制作内容,包括活动直播。姜伟嘉表示,如果政府只给你看它想让你看的东西,那你就得问一句:我们错过了什么?而这正是联合采访团、正是这些媒体所能带来的东西。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 媒体机构将在9月28日前向法官申请维持准入。

    Very likely · Within days

Open Questions

  • 法院是否会就宪法第一修正案的核心争议做出最终裁决?
  • 白宫是否会针对联合采访团的准入问题提出进一步法律挑战?

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