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Back美國環保局宣布撤銷燃煤燃氣發電廠污染限制規定
美國環保局宣布撤銷燃煤燃氣發電廠污染限制規定
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BBC中文4 hours agoEnvironment3 min readChinaView translation

美國環保局宣布撤銷燃煤燃氣發電廠污染限制規定

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美國環境保護局局長李·澤爾丁宣布撤銷拜登時代限制燃煤和燃氣發電廠污染的規定,聲稱將節省3100億美元並降低能源價格,但環保團體警告將對健康和氣候造成巨大代價,並預計將面臨法律挑戰。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

拜登時代的環境保護局曾實施限制發電廠碳排放的規定,旨在減少空氣污染和應對氣候變化。特朗普政府上任後一直試圖撤銷這些規定,以支持煤電產業。

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美國國家環境保護局(EPA)局長宣布,旨在限制燃煤和燃氣發電廠污染的規定將被撤銷。

該機構還表示,將採取措施防止未來政府監管發電廠排放。

環境保護局表示,取消美國前總統喬·拜登(Joe Biden)執政時期大部分氣候法規將節省3100億美元(2.08萬億元人民幣;9.84兆元新台幣),並降低能源價格。

但環保團體警告,此舉將對美國民眾的健康和地球帶來巨大代價。預計環境保護局的舉措將立即面臨法律挑戰。

環境保護局局長李·澤爾丁(Lee Zeldin)星期一(9月14日)表示:「現實是,美國生產能源的方式比世界上任何其他地方都更好、更清潔,而我們的發電廠不應受到不公平的針對。」

根據聯合國的說法,包括煤炭和天然氣在內的化石燃料,是全球氣候變化最大的推動因素。

環保局在一份聲明中表示,當局認為拜登時期有關發電廠排放的規定「超越了該機構的權限」。

該機構表示,這些規定要求採用「尚未得到充分證明的控制技術,實際上迫使發電廠退役,而不是制定它們實際能夠達到的標準」。

環保局還尋求取消電力行業所有其他溫室氣體規定。

這些變更是澤爾丁去年提出的,預計將接受公眾審視。

他表示,新規定將「確保價格可負擔且可靠的能源供應,降低運輸、供暖、公用事業、農業和製造業成本,同時提升我們的國家安全」。

拜登時期的法規要求大幅削減發電廠以及車輛和工業設施的碳排放。據估計,這些措施每年可避免4500宗過早死亡個案。

但環保局星期一表示:「任何潛在的公共健康危害都過於不確定、推測性過強、過於間接且複雜,無法具體歸因於美國電力行業。」

澤爾丁向記者表示,針對「有害空氣污染物」的保障措施將繼續保留,以「保障人類健康」。

氣候與能源解決方案中心(Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, C2ES)主席納撒尼爾·基歐漢(Nathaniel Keohane)將此舉形容為「巨大的倒退」。

基歐漢補充說:「透過廢除發電廠碳污染標準,環境保護局無視健全的科學和經濟學,並放棄了保護公共健康和福祉的責任。」

目前,美國是全球第二大排放二氧化碳等溫室氣體的國家,僅次於中國。這些氣體導致地球暖化。

根據最新可取得的估算數據,電力行業約佔美國排放總量的四分之一,每年約排放15億噸二氧化碳當量。

這意味著,美國電力行業的排放量高於絕大多數國家的總排放量。

過去20多年來,隨著煤炭使用量下降,美國電力行業排放量總體呈下降趨勢,儘管去年略有回升。

但現任美國總統唐納德·特朗普(Donald Trump,川普)長期主張重振煤電,並經常批評風能和太陽能等可再生能源。

今天這項宣布對美國排放量及全球氣候變化的具體影響仍不確定。

一些研究人員質疑煤炭是否還能實現特朗普所希望的復興。他們指出,過去十年太陽能等許多清潔技術的成本已大幅下降。

2022年,美國最高法院裁定支持19個州及部分全國最大的煤炭公司後,環保局部分限制溫室氣體排放的權力被削弱。這些州和煤炭公司擔心相關政策帶來的經濟成本,並主張該機構無權在整個州範圍內限制排放。

星期一的宣布是特朗普政府撤回旨在應對全球暖化和氣候變化政策的最新舉措。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 環境保護局的規定撤銷將立即面臨法律挑戰

    Very likely · Within weeks

  • 該政策將被環保團體和部分州政府視為對公共健康和氣候的威脅

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 此項政策撤銷將如何具體影響未來的能源結構?
  • 法律挑戰的結果將如何影響環境保護局的監管權力?
  • 此舉是否會導致美國溫室氣體排放顯著上升?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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