
米ラスカー財団は、基礎医学研究部門に睡眠制御因子オレキシンを発見した筑波大の柳沢正史教授を、臨床医学部門に血友病A治療薬を開発した中外製薬の研究者3人を選出したと発表した。
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ラスカー賞は医学分野で最も権威ある科学賞の一つとされる。柳沢教授は1998年に睡眠リズムを制御するオレキシンを発見した。
米ラスカー財団は9日、医学分野で最も権威ある科学賞の一つとされるラスカー賞の基礎医学研究部門に、重要な睡眠制御因子のオレキシンを発見した柳沢正史・筑波大教授(66)らを選んだと発表した。臨床医学部門で血友病Aの治療薬「ヘムライブラ」を開発した中外製薬の研究者3人を選んだ。
柳沢氏は1998年、睡眠リズムを制御するオレキシンを発見。睡眠と覚醒のメカニズム解明に大きく貢献した。また、オレキシンを欠損する遺伝子変異マウスの研究から、突然深い眠りに落ちる睡眠障害「ナルコレプシー」に似た行動異常が起きることなどを見いだし、根本治療薬の開発につなげた。
中外製薬の元シニアフェロー服部有宏さん(66)、同社研究本部の北沢剛久副本部長(57)、井川智之本部長(49)の3人は、血友病A患者で欠乏している血液を固めるために必要な因子の働きを代替する抗体を開発。投与しやすく、持続的な出血予防効果を実現する新薬に寄与した。
柳沢氏は「身に余る光栄。睡眠科学という世の中であまり大きな注目を受けていなかった分野で最高峰の学術賞を頂けたことは、この分野のさらなる研究発展を期待するものとして大変勇気づけられる」とコメントした。

A research team at Stanford University announced that when they converted human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) into nerve cells and transplanted them into the brains of newborn mice whose neocortex and hippocampus had not yet developed, they found that they grew and functioned together. This is expected to lead to elucidation of the mechanisms of genetic and neurodegenerative diseases and application to the development of treatments.

A research team at Hokkaido University has used a new analytical method to discover that the radius of Mercury has shrunk by more than 10 kilometers as its interior has cooled since its birth about 4.6 billion years ago. The accurate amount of contraction was estimated by taking into account the concealment of the terrain by the meteorite impact.

At the Ig Nobel Prize ceremony held in Zurich, Switzerland, the late Asahikawa Medical University professor emeritus Tokuji Unno received the medical award for his research on how to blow your nose. This is the 20th consecutive year that a Japanese person has won this award. The paper was published in 1977, making it the first excavation in almost half a century.

Hideki Shirakawa, professor emeritus at the University of Tsukuba who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2000 for the development of electrically conductive plastic, died on August 24th at a hospital in Yokohama due to metastatic liver tumor and cancer of unknown primary origin. He was 90 years old. He was from Tokyo, and his funeral was attended only by his close relatives.
Researchers affiliated with French university hospitals examined the impact of the fictitious disease name ``neurocademia'' presented by LLM on doctors' diagnoses. They tested 41 doctors, and 44% included the fictitious disease name in their differential diagnosis list. Less experienced doctors were more likely to be fooled, and LLM support improved overall diagnostic accuracy from 52% to 61%, but the impact of misinformation depended on experience.
A preprint paper by Associate Professor Hayashi Watanabe of Seijo University suggests that the volume distribution of ancient tombs follows Zipf's law, just like the sales of modern companies. This suggests that even in ancient Japan, before the establishment of writing and a monetary economy, there was a structure in which resources were concentrated at higher levels. An even stronger concentration was observed in the Kinki region and the Sanyo region, including Kibi, and a pattern similar to that of regulated industries was confirmed.