BackICIJ調查:中國工商銀行倫敦分行涉嫌無視制裁,協助俄羅斯與權貴洗錢
ICIJ調查:中國工商銀行倫敦分行涉嫌無視制裁,協助俄羅斯與權貴洗錢
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

ICIJ調查:中國工商銀行倫敦分行涉嫌無視制裁,協助俄羅斯與權貴洗錢

報告揭露工行倫敦分行長期作為北京地緣戰略融資樞紐,無視洗錢防制規範

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國際調查記者聯盟(ICIJ)發布報告指出,中國工商銀行(ICBC)倫敦分行長期無視洗錢防制與制裁規範,為遭制裁的俄羅斯與白俄羅斯企業、各國獨裁者及權貴提供金融服務,以推進中國的地緣政治目標。

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Why It Matters

ICIJ審閱了工行2005年至2024年間的480萬份外洩機密文件。該行目前是全球資產規模最大的銀行。

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「國際調查記者聯盟」(ICIJ)14日發表調查報告,揭露全球資產規模最大的中國工商銀行(ICBC)倫敦分行,長期作為北京的地緣戰略融資樞紐,為遭制裁的俄羅斯與白俄羅斯企業、捲入貪腐醜聞的各國獨裁者及權貴提供金融服務,藉此推進中國的全球地緣政治目標,且無視其內部的洗錢防制與制裁規範。

ICIJ與23家媒體合作,審閱ICBC在2005年至2024年間多達480萬份的外洩機密文件,發布這份名為「中國資本」(China Capital)的調查報告。ICBC一直是中國全球擴張戰略的重要力量,截至去年底,已在49個國家與地區設立410個子公司與分行,資產規模突破8兆美元,穩居全球資產總額最大的銀行。

文件顯示,在俄羅斯全面入侵烏克蘭後,ICBC是少數實際增加對俄業務的外商銀行,持續為與遭制裁的俄羅斯總統普廷親信德里帕斯卡(Oleg Deripaska)掌控的礦業巨擘諾里爾斯克鎳業公司(Nornickel)提供融資,以確保中國電動車及電池供應鏈的原料供應。

為規避美國和英國等對俄羅斯金屬的進口禁令,ICBC倫敦分行高層甚至曾討論一項計畫,擬在中國興建冶煉廠,將俄羅斯礦產重新貼上「中國製造」的標籤,以規避制裁。

在白俄羅斯,儘管中國工程機械巨頭中聯重科(Zoomlion)的白俄合資夥伴明斯克汽車廠(MAZ)已遭西方制裁,且涉嫌為俄羅斯軍隊提供軍民兩用重型機械,ICBC倫敦分行仍無視制裁風險,持續為其提供資金清算服務。

調查發現,為配合中國「一帶一路」倡議與獲取戰略資源,ICBC屢屢將國家利益凌駕於合規審查之上。在獅子山共和國(Sierra Leone)的一項港口擴建貸款案中,儘管事後查證發現開發商涉入重大行賄指控,銀行高層為避免得罪該國政府與損害中方外交關係,選擇掩蓋此事而非正式撤銷貸款。

此外,ICBC倫敦分行也為亞塞拜然獨裁總統阿利耶夫(Ilham Aliyev)女兒所控制的銀行與國家石油公司,提供鉅額融資,並長期為貪腐醜聞纏身的安哥拉前獨裁政府提供貸款。內部日誌顯示,倫敦分行人員曾放行並遲報一名科威特權貴的異常資金往來,該筆超過80萬美元的款項後來被查出,與震驚全球的馬來西亞「一馬發展公司」(1MDB)洗錢醜聞有關。

調查指出,作為中國國有銀行,ICBC背負著利潤極大化與服務中國國家經濟利益的「雙重任務」。儘管英國金融行為監理總署(FCA)等各國監管機構曾多次對其洗錢防制漏洞開罰或表達關切,但ICBC北京總行仍要求全球分行採取「統一步伐」。

Open Questions

  • 中國工商銀行總行是否會針對倫敦分行採取內部紀律處分?
  • 英國監管機構是否會對該行採取進一步制裁措施?

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