
NASA 哈伯太空望遠鏡在土星南極發現一個規模更大、更不穩定的十邊形大氣結構,位於強烈噴射氣流中,每小時向東移動約10公里,單一邊長超過1萬6700公里。研究顯示該結構可能於2017年至2023年間形成,挑戰過去認為土星北極六邊形獨一無二的看法。
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土星北極六邊形結構自1980年代被發現後,長期被認為是獨一無二的大氣現象。科學家因土星南北極噴流系統的對稱性,自1990年代起一直在尋找南極是否存在類似結構。
太陽系行星土星的北極以著名的六邊形雲系結構出名,不過,美國國家航空暨太空總署(NASA)的哈伯太空望遠鏡,在土星南極也發現一個幾何形狀的大氣結構,而且是十邊形。
根據美聯社、NASA新聞稿,哈伯太空望遠鏡觀測到的土星南極巨大「十邊形」大氣波動結構,位於土星一股強烈的噴射氣流中,比1980年代發現的土星北極六邊形結構規模更大、而且更不穩定;其延伸穿過多層大氣,顯示它不只是個雲層特徵,而是以垂直方向延伸的大氣結構。土星北極六邊形也位於噴流中,但實際上幾乎固定不動,而南極十邊形以每小時約10公里往東移動,且這個結構可能還在發展,但目前其單一邊長已超過1萬英里(約1萬6700公里)。
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這份NASA與西班牙、英國研究人員2日在《科學進展》(Science Advances)期刊共同發表的研究,2024年從西班牙巴斯克大學管理的天文觀測網站所收到各地地面觀測影像,首次注意到土星南極隱約有起伏的帶狀結構,2025年地面觀測站進一步拍攝的影像,更強烈指向是此結構的存在,研究人員回頭搜尋影像解析度更高的哈伯觀測資料,確認這個十邊形結構。
報告主要作者、西班牙巴斯克大學天文學家桑切斯—拉維加(Agustin Sanchez-Lavega)說,由於土星其南北極噴流系統的對稱性,天文學家從1990年以來就一直在尋找土星南極是否也有與北極六邊形相對應的結構,「哈伯的資料證實了這個結構的存在可追溯到2023年」。研究人員推測,這個十邊形可能是在2017年至2023年間形成。
桑切斯—拉維加說,這項發現顯示,過去被認為「獨一無二」的土星北極六角形,或許沒有原先想像得那麼特殊;透過比較土星南、北極這兩種結構,科學家能夠更了解這個氣態巨行星的天氣型態。
太陽系有大氣層的行星都會出現能引發大氣波動的擾動,但是目前只有土星形成這種多邊形結構。參與研究的英國列斯特大學弗萊契(Leigh Fletcher)在聲明中說,「土星依然能夠給我們驚喜」。

The European and Japanese BepiColombo spacecraft separated from their cruiser on Thursday, beginning the final leg of their journey to Mercury. Controllers waited two hours for confirmation via radio signals from ESA's control centre in Germany. If successful, the spacecraft will enter Mercury's orbit in November and split in December to study the planet.

A team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences spent 12 years analyzing the genomes of 149 ancient humans from 11 sites in Gansu about 4,700-3,000 years ago. They found that although agricultural technology from West Asia was introduced to Gansu, there was no large-scale genetic component of Western populations. The local population was still a mixture of East Asian and northern components. The Mogou site showed extensive blood connections but limited internal marriages. The social structure was complex and not purely based on blood ties.

Hideki Shirakawa, Japanese Nobel Prize winner in chemistry and emeritus professor at the University of Tsukuba, passed away in Yokohama on August 24 at the age of 90. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2000 for his development of "conductive polymers" that overturned the perception that plastics are not conductive. He has had a profound impact on the application of modern information technology industries.

Professor Jiang Hongen's team from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences revealed the plant-based diet structure of monks during the Jin and Tang Dynasties through archaeological research on the Subashi Buddhist Temple in Kuqa, Xinjiang. Research has found that the monks at that time ate millet and wheat as their staple food, supplemented by a variety of fruits, and the plant remains reflect the temple economy and Buddhist offering customs at that time.

The Buín Zoo in Chile has partnered with conservation organizations to design a protective vest woven with copper and zinc elements for injured penguins. The material has antibacterial properties, can prevent penguins from pecking wounds and accelerates healing. It has been initially tested on Humboldt penguins, and the effect is remarkable.
Fudan University's Luo Tao team published a study in Nature, which for the first time used quantum entanglement and polarization information to extract the CKM matrix element |Vus| in a collider experiment. It used innovative methods to convert particle information into computable values, providing a new way to test the Standard Model.