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Back揭露“招转培”诈骗链:求职者如何一步步掉进培训贷陷阱
揭露“招转培”诈骗链:求职者如何一步步掉进培训贷陷阱
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中国新闻网3 hours agoCrime5 min readChinaView translation

揭露“招转培”诈骗链:求职者如何一步步掉进培训贷陷阱

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文章揭露不法分子以招聘、培训为名实施诈骗的“招转培”犯罪链条,通过虚假岗位、高薪承诺和分期付费培训骗取求职者信任,使其背上高额贷款,同时指出监管漏洞与受害维权困难,呼吁出台司法解释、加强平台审核、建立跨部门联合机制和行业黑名单。

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Why It Matters

文章指出,“招转培”是以招聘、培训为幌子实施的诈骗犯罪行为,不法分子以合法形式掩盖非法目的,隐蔽性和欺骗性强,社会危害大。近期北京曝光七起清理整顿人力资源市场秩序违法典型案例,涉及平台未核验招聘服务账号导致虚假信息泛滥。

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“招转培”是以招聘、培训为幌子实施的诈骗犯罪行为。现实中,不法分子以种种貌似合法的形式掩盖非法目的,隐蔽性较强,社会危害程度较大。应出台专门司法解释约束此类行为,强化招聘平台审核义务,建立信息共享与联合执法机制,加大违法成本,建立行业黑名单。

“面试官拿着我的简历,从头到尾数落一遍,说我能力不行、专业水平低,但随后话锋一转,‘不过没关系,可以给你一个机会’。”

回忆起那次面试,李源(化名)至今仍觉得荒唐。“我当时真以为自己遇到了贵人,还愿意培养我。”4个月后,他发现自己背上了一笔近3万元的贷款,而那家“有情怀”的公司早已换了名字,继续在招聘平台上“撒网”。

无独有偶。前不久,北京市曝光七起清理整顿人力资源市场秩序违法典型案例。其中的一个案例显示,北京某技术公司未对其视频平台发布招聘信息的招聘服务类账号按规定履行核验、登记义务,导致平台存在大量“付费内推”“保录直签”等涉嫌虚假招聘信息,相关部门依据《网络招聘服务管理规定》《中华人民共和国电子商务法》,对该单位作出责令整改要求,删除违规信息、冻结账号、完善平台招聘信息准入标准和审核机制。

平台审核失守,恰好为“招转培”黑色产业链提供了便捷的入口。李源、张瑾(化名)等一批应届毕业生,正是通过看似正规的平台被精准锁定,一步步掉进了精心设计的陷阱。

招聘为“饵”,培训贷为“钩”

张瑾在一招聘平台注册后投递了简历。当天下午,他便接到南京某信息科技有限公司的电话。对方准确报出他的姓名、电话和学校,声称在招聘平台看到了他的简历。

“我当时觉得挺正规的,就去面试了。”张瑾回忆。面试过程看似规范,需要填写应聘登记表,进行自我介绍、项目询问、上机代码测试。然而测试结束后,面试官的态度陡然转变。

“他说我能力不够,不能直接做开发,但可以参加4个月的岗前实训,实训完就可以分配到200多家合作企业工作,保底薪资本科6000元、研究生7000元,达不到承诺就全额退款。”张瑾说,费用模式听着很“人性化”,因为没有直接收费,而是从未来工资里支出,“我当时觉得,能学到东西还有工作,挺划算的”。

这听起来像是“带薪培训”,实则暗藏金融陷阱。公司工作人员查看了张瑾的微信、支付宝信誉分,让他举着身份证拍照,签署了3份合同。

“招转培”的本质就是以招聘、培训为幌子实施的诈骗犯罪行为。现实中,不法分子以种种合法形式掩盖非法目的,隐蔽性、欺骗性较强,社会危害程度较大。

“前6个月每个月只交350元,后面18个月每个月交1900元,一共24期,还说保底薪资都有6000元,还款完全没压力。他们全程不说这是第三方金融机构的贷款,不提利息、逾期会影响征信,就让签分期协议,很多人签完都没反应过来自己办了一笔培训贷。”张瑾说。

更令人警觉的是公司获取求职者信息的方式。张瑾告诉记者:“这家机构不停换名字换地址,注册很多空壳公司,但每家的电话、邮箱都一样,发票是同一个人开的。他们还在许多平台投放广告,只要有人投递简历,就会电话联系。”

李源在网上求职时也遭遇了类似的套路。“他们说能力不行没关系,单位有3个月的培训。我们理解是‘岗前培训’,可他们又说得很模糊。”李源说,关于费用,他们的说辞是“这笔钱是给老员工的辛苦费”,老员工既培训又做项目,费用在工资里扣除,实际就是骗贷款,在工资里面扣贷款的钱。

承诺缩水,违约反而要赔钱

张瑾很快发现,所谓的“免费住宿”是公司提供房东联系方式,房租从“生活补贴”里扣,而“生活补贴”是年化利率约20%的贷款产品,求职者实际处于“贷款住房”状态,所谓的“200多家合作企业”,纯属虚构。

“入职约20天后,公司要求我们签署‘培训登记表’,把之前的招聘面试记录全部抹掉。如果拒绝,就以5000元违约金相威胁。”张瑾说,对于识破骗局试图离开的求职者,公司指责他们是“银行卡有问题的黑户”或“中专生无法就业”,把问题全部归咎于求职者个人。

到了第4个月,公司直接要求缴纳费用,并否认此前所有口头及书面承诺。合同条款极为苛刻:考核80分以上才能重修,重修再找不到工作才能退钱,“基本上不可能触发退钱。”张瑾说,合同上还写明“培训结束后,全体学员需要注销之前找工作的账号,求职时使用全新账号”,学费协议更是写明“无论后续是否就业,都必须按期足额缴纳学费,如若中断缴费,总部将依法提起诉讼”。

“很多刚毕业的大学生遇到这种事都不知道怎么办,又不敢和家人说,只能自己吃哑巴亏。”李源说。

有关部门提示,求职者如遇到先付费培训或购买课程才能入职的情况,应提高警惕,立即停止与相关单位或个人接触,坚决不付款、不贷款,避免财产损失;同步保存好聊天记录、书面材料等证据,及时向公安、人社等有关部门反映。

监管严查之下,黑职介“换马甲”

今年4月至7月,国务院就业促进和劳动保护工作领导小组在全国部署开展清理整顿人力资源市场秩序专项行动,集中整治“招转培(贷)”欺诈,重点打击以招聘为名诱骗求职者参与付费培训乱象,清理“央国企内推”“保录直签”等虚假招聘信息。专项行动期间,北京某传媒科技有限公司以“高薪资、零门槛”话术诱骗1200余名求职者、涉案1950余万元的案件被查处,主犯获刑11年以上。前不久曝光的平台审核失守案例,更将监管矛头指向了虚假招聘信息的“源头”——网络平台。

然而,高压之下,套路并未消失,而是在不断“进化”。

北京金诚同达(上海)律师事务所律师杨栋指出,不法机构正将“培训费”包装成“就业服务费”“岗位预留金”,从传统招聘网站转向短视频平台、微信群等监管更薄弱的渠道,注册空壳公司轮流作案,甚至购买虚假公司材料冒充正规企业发布招聘信息。

杨栋指出,“招转培(贷)”是一种企图以合法形式掩盖非法目的的诈骗犯罪,符合刑法中有关诈骗罪或合同诈骗罪的情形。但在司法实践中,受害人维权面临多重障碍:一是证据不足,这类诈骗多为口头沟通,缺乏书面证据,机构易辩称“培训是自愿报名”;二是立案难,双方一般存在书面合同,公安机关可能视为“民事纠纷”不予介入;三是民事诉讼周期长、成本高,许多受害者被迫放弃;四是刑事责任证明难度大。

杨栋表示,应出台专门司法解释约束此类行为,强化招聘平台审核义务,建立人社、公安、市场监管、金融监管等部门的信息共享与联合执法机制,同时加大违法成本,建立行业黑名单。

本报记者 王羡茹 本报实习生 李彦仪

《工人日报》(2026年09月28日 06版)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 监管部门将出台专门司法解释以约束‘招转培’行为

    Likely · Within months

  • 招聘平台将被要求强化审核义务,建立信息共享与联合执法机制

    Very likely · Within months

  • 将建立行业黑名单以增加违法成本

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 受害者是否能够追回已付培训费或贷款损失?
  • 监管部门是否将对涉案平台处以何种具体罚款?
  • 是否有其他城市出现类似“招转培”诈骗案件?
  • 行业黑名单的具体建立机制和更新频率是什么?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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