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Back婚假延長至14天能否解決少子化?專家:問題在於年輕人對未來的信心
婚假延長至14天能否解決少子化?專家:問題在於年輕人對未來的信心
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自由时报1 hour agoSociety3 min readChinaView translation

婚假延長至14天能否解決少子化?專家:問題在於年輕人對未來的信心

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政府擬將勞工婚假從8天增加到14天,新增6天工資由政府補助,但專家指出,少子化問題核心在於房價壓力、家庭價值轉變及年輕人對未來缺乏信心,單靠延長婚假無法解決結構性挑戰。

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Why It Matters

政府擬將勞工婚假從8天增加到14天,新增6天工資由政府補助,以應對少子化挑戰。

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◎ 佛尤‧博伊哲努

為因應少子化挑戰並提升年輕世代婚育意願,政府又出招規劃將勞工婚假從8天增加到14天,新增6天的工資將由政府補助雇主。多六天婚假當然是好事,但如果把它當成鼓勵婚育的重要政策,就不得不問:年輕人真的會因為多了這6天假,就敢結婚生子了嗎?台灣正從「養不起孩子」,走向「不敢婚、不敢生」,甚至「不想婚、不想生」。究其因約略如下:

勞動部近日召開記者會,預告修正《勞工請假規則》草案,將婚假由8日延長到14日(資料照)第一是現實壓力。

年輕人真正害怕的不會是婚假不夠,而是婚假結束後的人生。房價高、房租重,薪資成長未必跟得上生活成本;結婚後有了孩子,住房、托育、教育接踵而來。夫妻都工作,孩子誰照顧?一人暫離職場,家庭收入與職涯又怎麼辦?婚假只有14天,婚姻卻可能是五十年;政府補助6天工資,養育孩子卻是二、三十年的責任。兩者放在一起,就看得出政策與問題之間的距離。

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第二是比金錢更深遠的問題是家庭價值正在改變。

長期以來,我們的教育與社會愈來愈重視個人自主、權利與自我實現。這些價值值得珍惜,但如果只教會下一代追求「我要什麼」,卻較少談「我願意為誰承擔什麼」,婚姻與家庭自然容易從生命的共同建造,變成衡量個人得失的一道選擇題。當結婚意味著犧牲自由,生孩子意味著降低生活品質,家庭責任被視為沉重成本,再多津貼恐怕也很難重新喚起成家的意願。

第三個問題更值得政府正視:年輕人是否還相信未來?人口政策說到底是一種信心政策。

一個人願意結婚、生孩子,代表他相信明天值得期待,也相信這個社會值得讓下一代生活。如果知道畢生努力工作仍買不起房,如果辛勤工作所得與生活成本的距離始終令人焦慮,如果政策不斷推出新的補貼,卻沒有讓年輕人對居住、就業、托育與長期生活建立穩定預期,那麼政府真正流失的,就不只是出生人口,而是年輕世代對未來的信心。這正是目前少子化政策最值得檢討之處。

育兒津貼、托育補助、育嬰留停、租金補貼、婚育宅,再到增加婚假,政策一項又一項,看起來政府好像已做了很多;然而出生人口仍持續的下探。這提醒我們:政策數量不等於政策有效,補助愈多,也不代表已經解決問題的核心。少子化更早已不是誰家要不要生孩子的私事,而是攸關國家未來的結構性問題。下一代持續減少,未來承受衝擊的將不只是學校招生,而是勞動力、產業、稅收、醫療、長照,甚至國防兵源。政府真正該做的,或許不是繼續追問「還可以多給什麼」,而是勇敢追問:「為什麼年輕人連成家的未來都不敢想?」婚假從8天增加到14天,可以做;但不能把枝葉當成樹根。

育兒津貼等政策因應少子化趨勢,然而台灣的出生人口仍持續的下探。(資料照)少子化真正要搶救的,不只是出生數字,而是一個世代對婚姻的期待、對家庭的認同,以及對這塊土地未來的信心。當年輕人不再相信明天,多給6天婚假,又怎麼換得到下一代?

(作者為美和科技大學兼任講師)

Open Questions

  • 延長婚假後,政府是否有配套措施解決房價、托育、教育等長期成本?
  • 年輕人對婚姻和生育的態度是否會因經濟安全感提升而改變?
  • 其他國家類似政策的實際效果如何?

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