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Back專家警告:中國恐干預瓜地馬拉2027年大選 企圖動搖台瓜邦誼
專家警告:中國恐干預瓜地馬拉2027年大選 企圖動搖台瓜邦誼
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自由时报2 hours agoPolitics6 min readChinaView translation

專家警告:中國恐干預瓜地馬拉2027年大選 企圖動搖台瓜邦誼

分析指出,中國正透過政界訪問、媒體影響力與貿易施壓,試圖在瓜地馬拉2027年大選前夕建立親中網絡,爭取台灣在該地區最強大的盟友。

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專家警告,在瓜地馬拉2027年大選前夕,中國正透過政治訪問、媒體操作與經濟壓力等機制施加影響力,企圖打破台瓜邦誼,爭取台灣在中美洲最強大的盟友。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

瓜地馬拉是台灣在中美洲少數現存的堅定盟友,近年面臨來自中國日益增加的外交與經濟壓力。

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瓜地馬拉是台灣在中美洲最大的盟友。(路透)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕專家指出,在瓜地馬拉2027年大選前夕,中國將施加壓力和影響力,試圖透過商業、政治和媒體關係建立一個支持網絡,搶走台灣在中美洲這個最強大的盟友。

根據Centroamérica360諮詢的專家警告,中國在2027年瓜地馬拉大選前夕,部署各種影響力機制,包括經濟壓力、接觸政界人士和記者、軟實力戰略,以及有利於與北京建立外交關係的敘事,而瓜地馬拉正是台灣在中美洲最大的盟友。

分析人士表示,瓜地馬拉將於2027年6月27日舉行選舉,與這個亞洲大國的關係問題將在競選期間被提上議程。他們警告說,中國的承諾本質上與對其他中美洲國家的承諾相同,而這些承諾已被令人震驚地違背和跳票。

美國陸軍戰爭學院關係專家、拉美艾利斯(Evan Ellis)博士表示,「我認為,近年來對中國而言,中美洲最重要的選舉莫過於瓜地馬拉大選,根據我過去對中國行為模式的觀察,中國肯定會對瓜地馬拉大選表現出濃厚的興趣。因此,如果出現一位有可能改變中美關係的候選人,中國將會非常關注」。

艾利斯認為,中國同樣有能力支持意識形態相近的激進左翼候選人,或是支持背負腐敗污名、可能害怕美國制裁的右翼候選人。艾利斯解釋說,歷史上中國一直非常謹慎地公開影響一個國家,以直接改變外交關係,但現在它利用當地媒體和政治策略來做到這一點。

艾利斯指出,中國一直在資助瓜地馬拉國會的多黨代表團訪問中國,以及資助市長訪問中國,此外還支持議員參加拉丁美洲議會。

另一位專家巴爾科尼( Lourdes Balconi)向Centroamérica360解釋說,記者和有影響力人士對中國的長期訪問是影響公眾輿論的另一種手段。他表示,這些人之後會在社交媒體上形成「回音室效應」,在瓜地馬拉即將舉行新一輪選舉之際,放大有利於與北京關係的言論。他警告說:「這一切都與這些施加影響的行為有關,與在選舉過程中獲取影響力有關」。

巴爾科尼的分析是基於其他中美洲國家與台灣斷交後又與中國建交的經驗,特別是宏都拉斯、薩爾瓦多和巴拿馬。他認為,北京正在實施一項長期戰略,並密切關注瓜地馬拉在外交政策方面可能做出的任何決定。

中國也已成為瓜地馬拉等國的經濟脅迫力量。2024年,中國政府在瓜地馬拉外交部長卡洛斯·拉米羅·馬丁內斯出席台灣地區領導人賴清德就職典禮、總統貝爾​​納多·阿雷瓦洛重申支持與台灣關係之際,禁止向瓜地馬拉出口咖啡和夏威夷豆,瓜地馬拉則指責中國進行外交勒索。

巴爾科尼回憶道:「繼2024年咖啡和夏威夷豆事件之後,中國海關開始出現封鎖或施壓,阻止瓜地馬拉產品進入中國」。他提出,貿易壓力可能會影響那些有能力影響下一屆政府決策的商人。

巴爾科尼解釋說,這些措施未必需要徹底的貿易禁令,而是設置衛生、植物檢疫或海關壁壘,以延緩瓜地馬拉商品進入中國市場。她分析認為,這種情況在總統候選人辯論或會晤前夕可能特別重要。

巴爾科尼補充說:「很可能還會出現更多類似事件,從而對最終影響下一屆政府決策的商界領袖施加巨大壓力。考慮到我提到的其他案例,如果這種情況發生在最重要的辯論或候選人集會之前,並不令人意外」。

巴爾科尼認為,這將伴隨著關於中國和台灣問題的公共辯論的轉變。討論可能逐漸從民主與威權主義的對立轉向發展與經濟停滯的敘事。在這種情況下,關於瓜地馬拉因缺乏與中國的外交關係而無法獲得自由貿易協定和利用更大商業機會的論點將更有說服力。

然而,巴爾科尼質疑,與中國建立外交關係並達成貿易協定是否就能自動保證強勁的出口成長。她以哥斯達黎加為例,該國與中國的自由貿易協定已生效14年,她解釋說,哥斯達黎加對中國的出口增長了五倍,但出口在其經濟中所佔比例仍然相對較小。

尼加拉瓜、宏都拉斯和薩爾瓦多的情況也類似。中國向當地市場傾銷了大量產品,但從這三個國家購買的商品卻不到其出口總額的2%。

2025年,台灣從瓜地馬拉的進口額是中國的兩倍多,超過中國從宏都拉斯和薩爾瓦多的進口額。2025年,瓜地馬拉對台灣的出口額達到1.272億美元,鞏固了台灣作為瓜地馬拉產品在亞洲主要出口目的地之一的地位,遠遠超過宏都拉斯和薩爾瓦多與中華人民共和國的貿易表現。

這些數據與北方三角地區的兩個國家形成了鮮明對比,這兩個國家為了與中國建交而斷絕了與台灣的外交關係。2025年,宏都拉斯和薩爾瓦多對中國市場的出口額合計略高於1.029億美元,低於瓜地馬拉對台灣的出口額。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 中國將在2027年瓜地馬拉大選前加強對政界與媒體的影響力運作

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 瓜地馬拉未來是否會改變對台外交政策?
  • 中國的經濟施壓會對瓜地馬拉商界造成多大影響?

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