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Back中美贸易顺差再度扩大至290多亿美元,挑战缓和状态
中美贸易顺差再度扩大至290多亿美元,挑战缓和状态
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纽约时报中文网1 hour agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

中美贸易顺差再度扩大至290多亿美元,挑战缓和状态

Quick Look

8月份中美贸易顺差激增44%至290多亿美元,创特朗普2025年重返白宫以来最高纪录。中国国内经济放缓促使工厂转向海外市场,对东南亚、非洲和加拿大出口均实现增长。半导体和自动数据处理设备出口分别增长近130%和77%,电动汽车需求因伊朗战争推高油价而保持强劲。欧盟设定10月最后期限要求中国重新平衡中欧贸易逆差,否则将采取更严厉措施。二十国集团会议上,美国财政部长指责中国阻挠联合声明发表。北京否认故意制造贸易失衡,称其竞争优势源于创新和高效制造。习近平预计本月晚些时候访问华盛顿,中美贸易紧张局势将成为会谈核心议题。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

特朗普2025年1月重返白宫后,中美贸易关系曾出现缓和迹象,但近期贸易顺差再度扩大。中国国内经济增长放缓至三年来最慢,工厂转向海外市场以应对国内竞争和节俭消费。全球人工智能能力建设需求推动中国半导体出口增长,伊朗战争扰乱石油运输推高油价,利好中国电动汽车需求。

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中国对美贸易顺差此前曾有所缩小,但如今再度扩大,正挑战着这种缓和状态的极限。8月份,中美贸易顺差进一步扩大,激增44%,至290多亿美元,创下自特朗普2025年1月重返白宫以来的最高纪录。

中国国内的经济困境使其与世界上几个最大经济体走向冲突。在国内,经济正以三年来最慢的速度增长,面对残酷的竞争和节俭的消费者,中国工厂纷纷转向欢迎其廉价商品的海外市场。今年,中国对全球各地的出口均呈增长态势:对东南亚的出口激增近26%,对非洲出口增幅超过25%,对加拿大的出口也增长了10%以上。

全球为建设人工智能能力而产生的巨大需求部分推动了对中国商品的消费。

与去年同期相比,8月份中国半导体和自动数据处理设备的出口分别增长了近130%和77%。与此同时,由于在伊朗的战争已持续六个月,扰乱了途经霍尔木兹海峡的石油运输并推高了油气价格,对中国电动汽车的需求依然强劲。

中国对世界其他地区巨大的贸易顺差令许多最大经济体的官员不满,他们不仅担心中国企业在多个行业日益增强的主导地位,也对大量涌入其国内的商品感到不安。许多官员认为,中国在制造业的主导地位源于严重偏袒中国企业的政府补贴。

欧盟贸易委员最近给北京设下了10月的最后期限,要求中方出示旨在重新平衡创纪录的中欧贸易逆差的“具体成果”——例如允许欧洲企业获得更多进入中国市场的机会等拟议措施——否则将面临“更严厉的措施”。

上周,这种紧张的气氛弥漫到了二十国集团经济官员会议。美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特指责中国阻挠该集团发表联合声明,因为中方反对声明中批评一些国家“存在过度且持续的外部顺差”的措辞。

北京方面否认故意制造贸易失衡,强调其竞争优势是创新和高效制造的结果。中国政府指责贝森特利用二十国集团等国际论坛“炒作”贸易失衡的叙事,并“为施压和限制中国制造借口”。

预计习近平将于本月晚些时候访问华盛顿。在特朗普与习近平的会谈中,贸易紧张局势将成为核心议题。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 欧盟将在10月最后期限后对中国采取反补贴措施

    Likely · Within months

  • 习近平访问华盛顿期间中美将就贸易问题进行艰难谈判

    Very likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 习近平访问华盛顿期间中美双方是否能达成具体贸易协议?
  • 欧盟是否会在10月最后期限后对中国采取反补贴措施?
  • 中国政府是否会调整出口补贴政策以应对国际指责?

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This article was originally published by 纽约时报中文网.

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