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Back楼宇经济转型:从空间管理者到产业共建合伙人
楼宇经济转型:从空间管理者到产业共建合伙人
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中国新闻网1 hour agoReal_estate6 min readChinaView translation

楼宇经济转型:从空间管理者到产业共建合伙人

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随着城市进入存量时代,楼宇空置率分化且租金承压,行业呼吁从空间管理者转向产业共建合伙人,以场景重构空间、以运营激活价值、以生态定义竞争力,推动城市高质量发展和内生型总部经济培育。

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Why It Matters

城市进入存量时代,楼宇空置率分化且租金承压,传统以增量开发为主的发展模式面临转型压力。

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当“摊大饼”的增量时代落幕,以场景重构空间、以运营激活价值、以生态定义竞争力的场景城市,正成为城市高质量发展的核心命题与未来方向。当已有的楼宇长出产业、留住“大脑”、接住人,那些向上的力量将在钢筋水泥之间重新生长。

当城市从“摊大饼”的增量时代落幕,不少摩天大楼站在了破局与重塑的“十字路口”。

那些拔节生长的摩天大楼曾是城市繁荣发展的注脚,既长了城市的“面子”,也鼓了楼宇运营商的腰包。随着增量开发的浪潮退去,不少空置的商务楼宇成了城市沉甸甸的存量资产。

日前,作为2026年中国国际服务贸易交易会的主题论坛之一,2026总部经济大会暨(第六届)楼宇经济与城市高质量发展论坛在北京召开,来自政府部门、国际机构、产业界、商业运营领域的嘉宾汇聚一堂,反复追问同一个命题:进入提质增效的时代,一栋栋楼宇,该怎么破局?

世界贸易网点联盟主席布鲁诺·马谢观谈到,全球化进入变局与重塑新阶段,不动产价值正在从地产属性转向产业生态价值,行业迫切需要运营商完成从空间管理者向产业共建合伙人的身份转变。

楼还是那栋楼,“活法”变了

很长一段时间,楼宇是盛放企业的“容器”,运营商是“房东”,这套曾盛极一时的逻辑,如今,已难以维系。

一线城市办公楼空置率是行业一个显著信号。受新增供应投放节奏不同影响,一线城市的写字楼空置率出现分化,但租金整体普遍承压下行。

今年7月,房地产咨询领域国际五大行之一的世邦魏理仕(CBRE)发布的数据显示,上半年,北京办公楼市场无新项目入市,新增供应连续4个季度零交付,整体空置率连续第六个季度下降,降至17.8%,租金累计下降4.4%,降至每平方米218.4元/月。另一边,受新增供应集中入市影响,上海办公室市场空置率同比上升2.1个百分点至24.5%,租金报价下降1.7%,降至每平方米237.2元/月。广州同样面临供应带来的压力,二季度末空置率走高1.3个百分点至22.4%,上半年租金累计跌幅3.6%,为每平方米115.6元/月。

在现场,中国产业发展促进会楼宇经济和总部经济分会执行主任委员匡洪广提到一个现象:当下城市经营性不动产过剩,但是适配人的生产生活、兼具人文与商业价值的城市场景却很稀缺。所以,城市发展,必须完成从“造空间”的1.0时代迈向“造场景”的2.0时代。

如何判断一个空间算不算“场景”?匡洪广认为,最直接的体现是:大家愿不愿意来、来了留不留得住、愿不愿意分享推荐、走了还想不想再来。这些也是空间活力的核心来源。

“未来运营商的核心能力,不再是地产开发和资产管理,而是洞察人群生活方式、持续营造、迭代场景的能力。”匡洪广表示,当“摊大饼”的增量时代落幕,以场景重构空间、以运营激活价值、以生态定义竞争力的场景城市,正成为城市高质量发展的核心命题与未来方向。

当前,具体楼宇的“命运”分岔更为明显。例如,一线城市的优质甲级写字楼空置率在持续下降,而老旧或偏远区域的写字楼空置率仍旧高企。

经济承压之下,也有不少企业在逆势扩张。MFG执行总裁全斌表示,今年以来,MFG平均6个月新开工了6个新地标项目。

行业里的人常提,楼宇运营要做到企业“引得来、留得住、发展好”,事实上,多数楼宇运营商把精力集中在前端招商。

“我们会非常关注一家企业来了之后,怎么帮它快速实现政企链接、企业间的链接,真正把‘上下楼变成上下游’,这是很关键的。”在全斌看来,楼宇不能被狭义理解为地产载体,本质上是一处“产业场景”,千千万万企业在此集聚成产业,拉动增长。

变化的不只是楼宇运营逻辑,还有服务的人。全斌注意到,当下,职场主力更为年轻化,90后、00后,叠加OPC(一人公司)与AI时代浪潮,入驻企业对办公空间的需求发生深刻变迁——办公空间不该只等同于KPI、业绩压力和无休止的“内卷”,更应当承载成就感、情绪价值与积极向上的职场氛围。

福石投资管理(北京)有限公司董事长汪雷则谈到,CBD(中央商务区)的超甲级写字楼曾是“企业办公的终极目标”,代表形象与效率;但在AI时代,“面子”没那么重要了,创新产业和人群更关注生态、创新要素聚集与服务,“未来趋势会是CID——中央创新区,CBD可能逐步演化成CID”。

一个无法忽视的现象是,在一些城市,AI产业正悄然重塑城市商业地产格局。随着AI 产业扩张,这些企业扩租、独栋承租需求持续释放,它们除了对商业楼宇的产业生态要求更高,对电力、算力等楼宇硬件以及专属运维服务也提出了更高要求。

“我们不再是房东,我们要做产业合伙人。”招商蛇口招商商管写字楼管理部总经理张梓悦表示,楼宇的竞争不再比拼装修豪华程度,而是比拼能否实现“上下楼就是上下游”。

把“大脑”留下来:存量里“长”出总部

总部经济是盘活商务楼宇资源的重要途径。对于楼宇经济而言,除了空间重塑之外,更深的破局,是让一座城市长出自己的“总部”。

在第十四届全国政协常委、商务部原副部长钱克明看来,存量楼宇需要打开全新想象空间,未来,需要依靠本土企业全球化布局,培育内生型总部经济。

他解释,内生型总部经济是指本土企业开展全球化经营,将决策、财资、研发、供应链等总部功能根植母城所形成的经济形态。“这就像一棵树,根扎向土壤,冠向天空,中国企业的根伸向全球吸收营养。”

“传统型总部经济是把别人的‘大脑’请进来,内生型总部经济是把自己的‘大脑’练出来。”钱克明谈到,传统型总部经济贡献了税收和就业乘数,内生型总部经济则是生态“反哺”,带动本地供应链、资本、人才整体升级。

过去一谈企业出海,人们就担心产业空心化——工厂走了,订单走了,就业走了,税收也走了。如今,出海成了很多企业的必选项,国内存量竞争、贸易壁垒、供应链安全,也在推着企业出海。钱克明也谈及,出海不再是产能的简单转移,而是在全球搭建网络,“网络越广,指挥网络的‘大脑’越需要留在稳定的高能级母城”。

钱克明提出,产业厚度决定总部的高度。比起向外大举招商,内生培育同样关键,开放的本地场景是最好的孵化器。他给出多条可落地路径,比如实施隐形冠军锻造工程,一企一策强链补链;探索云上研发,中小城市可以在人才高地设立离岸研发中心,将成果带回本地转化;设立耐心资本引导基金,总部企业的成长以十年计,政策资金要投早、投小、投本地,做企业的长期合伙人。他说:“把企业当作‘种子’来培育,而不是当作‘韭菜’来收割。”

当内生型总部成为新的增长源泉,楼宇不仅要承接外来落户的大企业,更要成为本土企业成长的“土壤”。

总部经济是首都经济鲜明的标识之一,北京连续14年拥有最多的世界500强企业总部,是名副其实的“全球500强之都”。北京市西城区则用“小面积,大产出”诠释了存量提质时代的解法,42家上榜企业中15家总部在西城。

北京市西城区委常委、常务副区长刘梅英介绍,从演变趋势来看,楼宇正成为汇聚人流、物流、资金流、信息流的垂直产业园和立体经济圈。城市之间的竞争已经从单一产业比拼转向综合生态的竞争,谁能为总部企业提供更稳定的发展预期、更高效的资源配置、更宜居宜业的城市环境,谁就能在竞争中赢得主动。

上海虹桥国际中央商务区则重点从制度托底、优势助机、环境赋能三个维度发力,全方位打造适合总部企业发展的生态。

楼宇经济破局的“钥匙”不在楼宇高度、数量,而在楼宇之内:产业的根系、人与人的链接,以及一座城市愿意为企业生长所培育的“土壤”。当已有的楼宇长出产业、留住“大脑”、接住人。那些向上的力量将在钢筋水泥之间重新生长。

中青报·中青网记者 赵丽梅 来源:中国青年报

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 一线城市优质甲级写字楼空置率将继续下降,而老旧或偏远区域写字楼空置率将保持高位

    Likely · Within months

  • CBD将逐步演化为中央创新区(CID)

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • 场景城市模式在不同城市规模中的适用性如何?
  • 内生型总部经济的培育需要哪些具体政策支持?
  • AI产业对楼宇硬件和服务的要求将如何推动技术升级?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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