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Back研究顯示地中海飲食可能改變能量代謝而非直接防失智
研究顯示地中海飲食可能改變能量代謝而非直接防失智
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自由时报2 hours agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

研究顯示地中海飲食可能改變能量代謝而非直接防失智

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公共衛生師蔡秉兼引用《Food & Function》雜誌中期分析指出,地中海飲食加益生菌試驗中,西班牙長者參與者的代謝物變化顯示能量切換彈性提升,部分代謝物與認知分數相關,但研究僅為關聯分析,不能宣稱預防失智。

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Why It Matters

研究針對60歲以上有輕度認知障礙的西班牙長者,比較地中海飲食加益生菌、地中海飲食加安慰劑及WHO低脂飲食三種飲食型態的影響。

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〔健康頻道/綜合報導〕公共衛生師蔡秉兼在臉書粉專「全球公衛健康飲食生活型態|蔡秉兼公共衛生師」表示,談到「健腦飲食」,最容易被忽略的一件事是:研究看到的通常不是某一種神奇食物,而是整體飲食型態如何改變身體使用能量的方式。

2026 年刊登於《Food & Function》的一項隨機交叉試驗中期分析,納入 47 位 60 歲以上、已有輕度認知障礙的西班牙長者,平均年齡 73.1 歲,女性占 42.6%。每位參與者依不同順序接受三種飲食各 24 週:地中海飲食加益生菌、地中海飲食加安慰劑,以及依世界衛生組織建議設計的低脂飲食;完整試驗合計 72 週。

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這篇報告的重點不是直接比較「誰少得失智」,而是用標靶式代謝體學檢查血漿中的小分子變化,再看這些變化與認知測驗分數是否一起改變。

研究看見了什麼?蔡秉兼說明,地中海飲食期間,研究觀察到:乙醯乙酸上升,也出現丙酮酸與檸檬酸循環(TCA cycle)相關代謝物增加,以及支鏈胺基酸代謝被調節、尤其異白胺酸下降的型態。這些訊號讓研究者推測,參與者在脂肪與醣類燃料之間切換、運用能量的能力可能變得更有彈性。

部分代謝物的變化也與較好的認知分數相關。例如 α-酮異戊酸、α-酮戊二酸與 2-氧代異己酸增加,和一般記憶、抑制控制及視空間推理改善相關;L-肉鹼、異白胺酸、β-丙胺酸等下降,則和部分記憶、注意力或工作記憶表現改善相關。

蔡秉兼提醒,「一起變好」仍不等於某個代謝物直接讓認知變好。認知關係屬於試驗資料中的關聯分析,而且這是 47 人的初步中期代謝體分析,不能據此宣稱地中海飲食可以預防失智或治療輕度認知障礙。

來源筆記中的 150 人、代謝彈性增加 34%、認知提升 28%、BDNF 增加 22%,以及「提升大腦葡萄糖利用效率」等說法,均未出現在本篇全文,因此不應使用。本研究也沒有用呼吸交換率直接量測代謝彈性,而是從血中代謝物型態推論。

對日常飲食的意義

蔡秉兼表示,若想把研究方向放進台灣生活,可以先做得簡單一些:

1. 外食時先增加一份蔬菜或豆類,主食有機會就以全穀雜糧替代部分精製澱粉。

2. 每週安排魚類、豆製品與少量堅果,讓蛋白質來源更多元,並以不飽和脂肪取代部分高飽和脂肪食物。

3. 不必為了「製造酮體」自行採取極端低碳或生酮飲食;本研究測試的是完整地中海飲食型態,不是單一營養素或補充品。

這些是依一般健康飲食原則所做的生活化轉譯,不是本篇逐項驗證的台灣菜單。高齡者若有體重下降、吞嚥問題、腎臟病、糖尿病用藥或其他特殊營養需求,仍需和醫療或營養專業人員討論。

這篇研究最值得帶走的訊息,不是「吃什麼就能防失智」,而是整體飲食可能在認知結果出現之前,先改變身體的能量代謝網絡。這條線索有科學價值,但仍需要更大、完成追蹤且以臨床認知結果為主的研究確認。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 未來將進行更大規模、完成追蹤且以臨床認知結果為主的研究,以驗證地中海飲食對認知功能的影響。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 地中海飲食對認知功能的長期影響是否顯著?
  • 代謝物變化與認知改善的因果關係是什麼?
  • 台灣老人適用的飲食調整具體方案為何?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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