
9月8日晚間,一架無人機出現在台中清泉崗機場周邊,導致空軍暫停起降約25分鐘,2架民航機和8架軍機受影響。國家中山科學研究院表示,清泉崗無人機反制系統仍在建置,尚未完成驗收啟用。文章指出,國防建戰力不僅看採購數量和裝備到位,更需考慮支援系統、維修備份、人員熟練度與反制系統整備等因素,否則帳面數量無法等同實際戰力。
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文章討論國防建戰力時常見的問題:裝備採購與到位不等同於實際戰力,需考慮支援系統、維修、人員熟練度等因素。以清泉崗機場無人機事件為例,反制系統尚未完成驗收,顯示戰力存在時差。
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9月8日晚間,一架無人機出現在台中清泉崗機場周邊,空軍暫停起降約25分鐘,2架民航機、8架軍機受影響。國家中山科學研究院隨後表示,清泉崗無人機反制系統仍在建置,尚未完成驗收啟用。這起事件提醒國防建軍一個常被採購數字掩蓋的事實:裝備交了,不代表戰力已經到位。
美製Altius-600M多用途戰術無人機交運時電力均為百分之百,但主裝備先到,支援系統晚到,形成戰力便有時間差。圖為ALTIUS-600M攻擊型無人機。(取自Anduril公司網站)
同樣的問題也出現在ALTIUS-600M攻擊型無人機。陸軍證實,原廠充電器因涉及中國製零組件,未納入美方發價書;原廠已完成非紅供應鏈充電器研製,將依期程交付。陸軍表示,ALTIUS-600M交運時電力均為百分之百,但裝備若要反覆訓練、測試與維護,充電器、電池、備件與維修本就是戰力的一部分。主裝備先到,支援系統晚到,形成戰力便有時間差。
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人員也是戰力的一環。國防部今年放寬後備軍人志願步槍射擊資格,台中後備旅首梯35人參加,半天以T91戰鬥步槍射擊48發。這是正向改變,也說明後備戰力不能只看名冊人數,而要看多少人能持續回訓、熟悉武器,並在重新召集後迅速恢復操作。裝備若到了,人卻還沒熟練,戰力仍不完整。
國防部今年放寬後備軍人志願步槍射擊資格,說明後備戰力在重新召集後迅速恢復操作。圖中召員正手持T65K2步槍進行射擊。(取自國防部發言人官方Facebook)
國防建軍最容易展示的是預算、採購數量與交裝照片;真正決定戰力的,卻是驗收、整合、維保、補給與熟練度。國防部也把「可量產、可維護、可擴充」列為無人系統整建方向,這些要求應落到每一項軍購與訓練,而不只停在政策文件。
評估戰備不能只問「買了多少」,還要問「現在有多少可立即使用」、「多久能補充與修復」、「有多少合格操作人員」、「反制系統是否完成驗收並能協同運作」。任何一環尚未到位,帳面數量都不能等同實際戰力。國防預算真正要驗收的,不是採購單有多長,而是警報響起時,有多少裝備真的能動、有多少人真的會用。
(作者為退休人士)

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