
中国教育部门要求全国九年级学生在今年秋季学期完整阅读英国经典小说《简·爱》。官方媒体称该书为反物质主义爱情故事,契合政府关于女性平等的愿景。小说自1925年首次译介中国后,历经多个译本和改编,1979年文化大革命结束后重新引进。学者朱平指出,虽然小说在19世纪具有进步意义,但其女权主义观点存在局限,不符合当代如#MeToo等运动的主张。近年来,中国政府也限制了其他类型的爱情叙事,如耽美小说和富豪爱情微短剧。
AI-generated summary
《简·爱》是英国夏洛蒂·勃朗特于1847年出版的小说,自1925年起开始有中文译本出版。文化大革命结束后,中国重新开放引进外国文化,1979年英国改编电影曾在中国影院上映。该书长期以来在中国被视为女权主义文学,官方媒体 frequently 引用女主角简对罗切斯特的宣言以彰显其平等主题。
在《简·爱》首次挑战英国维多利亚时代的传统习俗近两个世纪后,中国正要求新一代的青少年阅读她的故事。
这部英国经典名著长期在中国一直很受欢迎,此前已经成为学童的推荐读物。但据中国官方媒体报道,今年秋天,全国各地的九年级学生被要求完整阅读这部小说。一家官方媒体的报道将其誉为反物质主义爱情故事,年轻人可以从中学习。
这本书讲述了年轻孤女简·爱在富有但难以捉摸的罗切斯特家中担任家庭教师的故事,因其倡导独立精神和男女平等的主题而在中国广受赞誉。
这本书的中文译本最早出现于1925年,此后有了许多译本,以及舞台和影视改编作品。1979年,文化大革命结束仅几年后,正值中国重新向外国文化开放之际,一部英国改编电影在中国影院上映。
加州大学圣地亚哥分校研究中国女权主义和文学的文学教授朱平(音)表示,这部小说符合中国政府关于女性平等的愿景——一种可以与传统性别角色和异性恋核心家庭共存的平等。她说,这部小说被纳入九年级教科书,背景是中国努力应对人口下降,且政府鼓励年轻人结婚生育。
“《简·爱》讲述的是一个独立女性的故事,但她在挑战父权制力量方面并没有做得太过火,”朱平说。在小说结尾,简嫁给了罗切斯特并生了一个孩子。“所有这些都是中国政府希望年轻一代去做的,”朱平说。
《简·爱》于1847年在英国出版,其引人注目之处在于,它描绘了一位贫穷的年轻女性,在一个女人——尤其是已婚妇女——法律和经济自主权受严重限制的社会中,坚持自己的独立、尊严和平等。
这部小说长期以来因其女权主义主而在中国受到赞誉,官方媒体经常引用简对罗切斯特的宣言:“你以为,就因为我贫穷、低微、不美、矮小,我就没有灵魂,也没有心吗?你想错了!我的灵魂跟你一样——我的心也跟你完全一样!”
朱平说,《简·爱》在19世纪的背景下是进步的,但一些当代女权主义者会认为其解放理念存在局限。
朱平说,小说中描绘的那种女权主义长期以来一直受到中国共产党的支持。她还说,这与共产党对更为现代的女权主义(如#MeToo运动)的看法不一致,“或者那种教导女性不结婚、不生孩子的女权主义——那是他们完全无法接受的女权主义。”
近年来,中国政府对其他一些关于爱情和人际关系的描写也进行了限制。
当局拘留了数十名“耽美”作家,这是一种主要由异性恋女性创作并面向异性恋女性读者的男同性恋爱情小说,官方媒体称这类小说可能会影响年轻读者的性观念。
监管机构还试图限制一种广受欢迎、讲述富有高管爱上地位较低者的流行微短剧类型,敦促创作者避免美化与权贵富豪的婚姻。
官方媒体表示,像《简·爱》这样的小说为年轻读者提供了一种替代他们所谓“肤浅”的“爱情故事”的选择。中国共产党官方出版物《北京日报》的一篇文章认为,教授《简·爱》等文学经典有助于孩子们“树立积极人生观”。
长期以来,中国读者一直在简的故事中寻找属于他们自己的意义。
46岁的薇姬·李(音)年轻时读过《简·爱》,并在女主人公身上看到了自己的一些影子。她说,多年后,将这部小说推荐给了现年13岁和15岁的两个女儿,因为她希望她们变得独立勇敢。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
教育部门将在下学期发布针对《简·爱》的教学指导意见
Likely · Within months
部分家长或教育专家可能公开质疑将西方文学强制纳入课程的做法
Possible · Within weeks

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