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Back《新苏黎世报》与《南德意志报》:中美特习会难掩贸易与地缘政治深层矛盾
《新苏黎世报》与《南德意志报》:中美特习会难掩贸易与地缘政治深层矛盾
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德国之声1 hour agoPolitics6 min readChinaView translation

《新苏黎世报》与《南德意志报》:中美特习会难掩贸易与地缘政治深层矛盾

媒体评论指出,特习会虽营造融洽氛围,但贸易“休战”脆弱,且两国在国际地位认知及战略互信上存在根本分歧。

Quick Look

《新苏黎世报》与《南德意志报》评论分析中美特习会,认为双方仅达成象征性贸易休战,未能解决核心关税与地缘政治冲突。媒体指出特朗普对习近平的认可需求暴露了美国在对华政策上的软弱与矛盾。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中美双方在贸易关税及地缘政治领域存在长期摩擦。此次会晤虽延长了贸易休战期,但核心分歧未解。

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(德国之声中文网)《新苏黎世报》评论写道,此次特习会虽然场面宏大,但值得一提的成果却只是贸易“休战”状态得以暂时维持。但只要中美贸易冲突的根源不能排除,贸易战也就随时都可能全面爆发。这篇题为《鹅肝酱取代不了自由贸易》的评论写道:

“中美新的关税协定充其量只能勉强起到遮羞布的作用。今年五月的特习会之后,双方贸易代表一直在就价值六百亿美元、不涉及国家安全的非敏感产品进行讨价还价。而最终的谈判结果仅仅覆盖了双边贸易的极小一部分,具体内容更是令人啼笑皆非:中方降低了对美国进口鹅肝酱的关税,而作为回报,美方也将减少中国进口手电筒和电熨斗的关税。

核心问题和重要商品都没有被涉及。真正能让中国经济从中受益的,并非来自美国的鹅肝酱,而是美国的计算机芯片。而美国迫切需要的,并不是廉价的中国手电筒,而是磁铁和稀土。美方认为,中国供应的磁体数量少于2025年双方的约定,此外,中方有关购买更多美国玉米和谷物的承诺迄今也仍未兑现。

尽管此次特习会的场面宏大,表面上看起来也是一团和气,但两国对各自国际地位以及全球贸易体系的不同看法仍表现得非常突出。习近平在华盛顿表示,中美两国间完全可以避免陷入‘修昔底德陷阱’。这个以古希腊历史学家命名的典故,是指一个高度自信的崛起大国同一个疑虑重重的衰落大国之间必将发生冲突。”

表面上看起来,这似乎是以乐观心态看待中美关系的前景。但对特朗普来说,这其实更像是一种侮辱。习近平是在说中国已经走上了赶超美国的道路,因此理应获得不同以往的国际地位。但在特朗普眼中,美国正处在‘黄金时代’,绝不是一个应当让位的衰落大国。”

《新苏黎世报》评论写道,此次特习会表现出一派融洽氛围,这固然是件好事。但中美领导人间的融洽关系并不足以稳固两国关系,更不足以避免双边贸易战的死灰复燃:

“两位领导人只将贸易‘休战期’延长了两个月,足以说明一切。特朗普希望在11月初的中期选举前一切风平浪静,但也保留了选举后重启战火的选项。而北京也为随时采取反制措施做好了准备。总而言之,几箱鹅肝酱无法掩盖贸易战死灰复燃的风险。而中美贸易战一旦爆发,世界其他193个国家势必都会遭殃。”

“特朗普迫切希望获得习近平的认可”

上周,美国总统特朗普亲赴机场迎接中国国家主席习近平到访。欢迎仪式上,当一架B-2轰炸机轰鸣着掠过中美领导人的头顶,特朗普眉头紧蹙,习近平则面无表情。《南德意志报》评论写道,一场精心策划的实力秀,反而成了暴露软弱的瞬间:

“今年中美领导人直接会面的频率高得离奇。对中方来说,理由很简单:北京不必担心习近平会像乌克兰总统泽连斯基一样,遭到特朗普的当众羞辱。对习来说,这本身就是美国示弱的表现:华盛顿已经无法承受同中国公开对抗的代价,而北京也乐得向世人展示这一点。

特朗普只字不提中方向伊朗提供军民两用品的问题,这些物资有可能会被用来生产无人机和导弹;只字不提北京对俄罗斯侵乌战争提供的帮助;更只字不提中国对邻邦发出的威胁。无论是台湾,还是日本,都已经一头雾水,几乎搞不清楚美国究竟是伙伴,还是风险。相反,习近平却在美国获得了最高级别的礼遇:数百名美国士兵列队欢迎,特朗普则对‘美好真挚的友谊’赞不绝口。特朗普显然已经无法掩饰自己获得习近平认可的迫切心情。面对习近平,他会本能地做出卑躬屈膝的姿态。

然而,同此前的历次特习会一样,此次中美峰会既没有促成双方的结盟,更没有带来双边关系的靠拢。特朗普或许认为自己是个交易大师,但中方却从未这样想过。习近平认为,中国正置身一场大国博弈,而这场博弈中,信任是一种示弱的表现。与此同时,他还担心,美国会试图推翻中国的现行政治制度。中美难以建立起信任的另一个障碍则是:特朗普虽然一直坚持对威权统治者的敬佩和崇拜,但其他方面却变幻无常、难以预测。”

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 贸易战在选举后存在重启风险

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 贸易休战期满后是否会重启关税战?
  • 美国中期选举后对华政策走向如何?

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