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Back帶病上班現象普遍,年輕人較少請病假反映個人特質與職場文化
帶病上班現象普遍,年輕人較少請病假反映個人特質與職場文化
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BBC中文1 hour agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

帶病上班現象普遍,年輕人較少請病假反映個人特質與職場文化

Quick Look

研究顯示英國約三分之一至一半員工即使生病仍堅持上班,現象稱為「帶病上班」。年輕人請病假較少,與工作保障低、健康問題少及對心理健康重視有關;專家指出個人工作中心性及職場『撐住』文化是主要原因,並強調心理健康應與生理健康同等對待。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

帶病上班(presenteeism)指員工即使生病仍堅持工作,在英國約佔三分之一至一半員工。年輕人請病假天數較少,與工作保障型態、健康狀況及態度轉變有關。

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你早上醒來感覺身體不舒服,但今天卻是忙碌的工作日。

你會怎麼做?如果答案是照常上班(或登入工作系統),你並不孤單。

研究顯示,英國有大約三分之一至一半的人,即使生病仍然堅持上班。專家將這種現象稱為「帶病上班」(presenteeism;故意加班/出勤主義)。

而你面對生病的態度,反映了不少關於你個人特質以及職場文化。

年輕人反而較少請病假?

「年輕一代常常被貼上『草莓族』(snowflake)標籤,但這不是真的。」曼徹斯特大學心理學教授、英國職場福祉領域的頂尖專家之一凱瑞·庫珀爵士(Prof Sir Cary Cooper)說。

英國國家統計局(Office for National Statistics)數據也支持這個觀點。

去年,16至24歲僱員平均請了2.4天病假,相比之下,50至64歲的工作者平均請了6.2天。

庫珀爵士教授曾就這個領域的就業政策向英國政府提供建議。他表示,造成這種差異有幾個原因。

年輕人較可能從事工作保障較低的職位,例如「零工時合約」(zero-hours contracts,即僱主無須保證給此類合約僱員編排工作,或許本週安排上班三天,下週毫無工作,即無收入)。

此外,他們較少受到長期健康問題及關節疾病的困擾,而這些問題是造成病假缺勤的重要原因。

但庫珀爵士補充:「我認為,年輕一代對僱主應該如何對待他們、以及應該如何顧及他們的身心健康,的確抱有更高期望。」

「較年長的一代或許更願意逆來順受,但這種做法未必健康。」

「說到請假,年輕員工似乎更願意將心理健康視為整體健康的一部分,而不是一件應該硬撐過去的事情。」

如何反映人格特質?

影響一個人對於病假的態度,可以是多方面的。

對部分人而言,工作與自我身份緊密相連,職業心理學家稱之為「工作中心性」(work centrality)。研究顯示,這與更高的投入程度、責任感,以及願意多付出的意願有關。

如果工作是你身份認同的核心,缺席上班便可能令你覺得暫時失去了一部分的自我。

「這類人有一種強烈的渴望,想要繼續現身於工作崗位上。」心理學家、專門撰寫職場身心健康題材的奧黛麗·唐博士(Dr Audrey Tang)說。

她表示,從事醫療、護理及教育等關懷型專業的人士,尤其容易出現這種傾向。

「他們經常表示,寧願發生意外受傷,以獲得一個不用上班的理由,也不願意單純請一天假。」

另外一些人則害怕被認為軟弱或懶惰。奧黛麗·唐表示,年輕員工尤其容易受到這種心態影響。

「他們更可能正處於職業生涯的早期階段,不想留下負面的印象。」

如何反映職場文化?

心理學家塔拉·奎因—西里洛博士(Dr Tara Quinn-Cirillo)表示,職場文化及風氣,會很影響人們是否願意請病假。

當團隊人手緊絀、又缺乏替補人手時,員工都清楚知道,自己缺勤會為同事增加工作量。

奎因—西里洛表示:「在一個將生產力置於健康及身心福祉之上的『有毒』組織中,罪疚感及羞恥感的作用尤其顯著。」

「部分職場存在一種『撐住』(carry-on)文化,鼓勵員工即使需要休息,也要繼續硬撐下去。」

這類文化會變相獎勵「帶病出勤」。員工會覺得,不論身體狀況如何都堅持上班,能獲得重視;而一旦管理層讚揚帶病工作的員工,其他員工亦會很快意會到這種訊息。

「在健康的工作環境中,員工應該能夠公開且誠實地談論自己的身心狀況,以及請病假的問題。」奎因—西里洛說。

信任同樣重要。如果員工的缺勤經常受到質疑或被負面看待,員工便可能會因為害怕受到評斷,而不願意在真正需要時請假。

奎因—西里洛說,這是一個「非常大的警號」。

如何判斷自己病到不適合上班?

要判斷自己是否病到不適合工作,並不總是那麼容易。

針對身體上的疾病,奧黛麗·唐表示有一些相當明確的基本原則。

「如果你出現嘔吐及腹瀉,或者發燒,應分別在症狀消退後留在家中48小時及24小時。在這些情況下,你基本上都無法有效地工作。」

除此之外,判斷就會變得更加複雜。

奧黛麗·唐說:「較為模糊的地帶是咳嗽及傷風感冒。自新冠疫情以來,職場禮儀已經有所改變,現時普遍認為,在家工作被視為較有禮貌的做法。」

但她表示,有一點是絕對必須遵守的原則:心理健康應該與生理健康獲得同等對待。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 隨著遠程工作和彈性安排的普及,帶病上班現象可能在未來幾年逐漸減少

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 帶病上班對長期健康和生產力的具體影響是多少?
  • 不同行業中帶病上班的普及程度有何差異?
  • 遠程工作的普及是否會減少帶病上班現象?
  • 如何有效測量和減少職場中的帶病上班?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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