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Back恆春半島陸蟹多樣性急劇下降,專家警告生態危機
恆春半島陸蟹多樣性急劇下降,專家警告生態危機
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自由时报34 minutes agoEnvironment2 min readChinaView translation

恆春半島陸蟹多樣性急劇下降,專家警告生態危機

Quick Look

恆春半島曾是全球陸蟹多樣性最高的天堂,但近年受外來種黃狂蟻入侵、非法商業抓捕及法規漏洞影響,大型陸寄居蟹幾乎全數消失,海岸林出現死寂現象,學者呼籲加強棲地保育與法律執行。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

恆春半島曾是全球陸蟹多樣性最高的天堂,2002年調查發現陸寄居蟹使用塑膠蓋等垃圾作為殼,後經民間『寄螺殼給寄居蟹』行動,到2020年後灣等地族群曾增長至上萬隻。

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恆春半島曾是全球陸蟹多樣性最高的天堂。(記者蔡宗憲攝)

恆春半島曾是全球陸蟹多樣性最高的天堂,如今卻面臨前所未有的生態危機!長期投入陸蟹研究的劉烘昌、李政璋與邱郁文等3位保育學者,日前在倡議保護陸寄居蟹的會議上指出,近年受到外來種黃狂蟻肆虐、人為濫捕及法規漏洞影響,恆春半島海岸林已出現「大蟹消失、海岸林死寂」的嚴重警訊。

劉烘昌指出,2002年在香蕉灣海岸林調查時,隨處可見陸寄居蟹背著塑膠蓋、寶特瓶等垃圾,當時被生態界形容:「國外寄居蟹還在過石器時代,台灣的寄居蟹已經迫不得已進入『工業時代』」,這幕景象被拍成紀錄片後引發全台震撼,在民間響應「寄螺殼給寄居蟹」行動下,到了2020年,後灣等地的陸寄居蟹族群大幅增長至上萬隻。

然而,近年這項演化奇蹟卻遭受毀滅性打擊;2024至2025年最新調查發現,海岸林裡「大型陸寄居蟹幾乎全數消失」,主因在於市場上「越大隻賣價越高」引發大規模的商業抓捕,而外來種「黃狂蟻」為補充蛋白質也大量屠殺陸蟹與原生動物,導致夜間海岸林幾乎靜寂無聲,保育類椰子蟹在2023年調查中,近百隻裡竟只有1隻超過1公斤,出現嚴重的繁殖斷層。

李政璋指出,陸寄居蟹在演化上堪稱「孤兒類群」,異尾類(Anomura)數百種生物中,真正完全登陸者僅有陸寄居蟹科(含椰子蟹屬與陸寄居蟹屬),牠們靠殼內微環境物理保濕,是其能在陸地生存的重要關鍵,因此棲地保育是重中之重。

對於市面常見的陸寄居蟹活體販售現象;邱郁文指出,目前常見的皺紋、凹足、短腕陸寄居蟹等均非公告保育類(僅椰子蟹屬保育類),攤商常喊「是自己養的」,但寄居蟹目前無法人工繁殖,地方政府與主管機關應建立多層面把關,第1層查核《野保法》來源合法性;第2層依《營利性野生動物飼養繁殖買賣加工管理辦法」,查驗「養殖漁業登記證」、「水權登記」、繁殖紀錄與發票收據,未經許可即違法;第3層與第4層則應落實《環境教育法》精神與動物福利規範,杜絕野外盜採洗白。

相關新聞:還蟹於自然2-2》陸蟹非法抓捕販售 專家揭法律漏洞籲公民覺醒

民間響應「寄螺殼給寄居蟹」行動下,到了2020年,後灣等地的陸寄居蟹族群曾大幅增長至上萬隻。(圖由邱郁文提供)

學者認為海岸林裡生物大減。(記者蔡宗憲攝)

專家齊呼籲:救陸蟹須健全棲地與法制。(記者蔡宗憲攝)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 若未加強法規執行與棲地復育,恆春半島大型陸寄居蟹將在未來3年內功能性滅絕

    Likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • 黃狂蟻入侵的具體來源與擴散路徑為何?
  • 目前有多少非法攤販在販售野生陸寄居蟹?
  • 相關法規修正的時間表與執行力度如何?

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